Molecular dynamics Simulation of the effect of phenol, formaldehyde and water on the API 5L Grade X70 steel surface

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Materials science and Nanotechnology, Imam Hosein University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

10.22075/imcf.2025.37818.1047

Abstract

This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the influence of temperature and molecular quantity on the adsorption of phenol, formaldehyde, and water on API 5L X70 steel. The results demonstrate that elevated temperatures reduce adsorption for all substances, as increased kinetic energy promotes desorption, evidenced by lower peaks in radial distribution function (RDF) curves. Conversely, increasing the molecular quantity generally enhances the density within the first adsorbed layer, indicated by higher RDF peaks, though the magnitude of this effect is substance and temperature-dependent. Phenol exhibited stronger individual adsorption affinity than water or formaldehyde. In competitive adsorption from mixtures, phenol and formaldehyde showed aff significant rivalry for surface sites, with the preferential adsorption dictated by the interplay between temperature and concentration. These findings elucidate the molecular interactions governing the behavior of these organic compounds at the steel-fluid interface, providing critical insights for predicting material performance in high-temperature corrosive environments, such as autoclaves and furnaces used for composite curing.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 22 November 2025
  • Receive Date: 31 July 2025
  • Revise Date: 29 September 2025
  • Accept Date: 30 September 2025
  • First Publish Date: 22 November 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 November 2025